痛风患者应该注意

痛风患者应该注意不吃高嘌呤的食物: 动物内脏(肝、肠、肾、脑)、海产(鲍鱼、蟹、龙虾、叁文鱼、沙甸鱼、吞拿鱼、鲤鱼、鲈鱼、鳟鱼、鳕鱼)、贝壳食物、肉类(牛、羊、鸭、鹅、鸽)、黄豆食物、扁豆、菠菜、椰菜花、芦笋、蘑菇、浓汤、发酵食物、芦笋、香菇。

少吃火锅- 火锅原料主要是龙虾、牛羊肉、动物内脏、海鲜、贝类、蘑菇等富含嘌呤的食物。据测试，涮一次火锅比一顿普通餐摄取的嘌呤高l0倍，甚至数十倍。

多吃低嘌呤的食物:  五谷杂粮、蛋类、奶类、水果、蔬菜

戒吃酸性食物，如咖啡、煎炸食物、高脂食物。酸硷不平衡，会影响身体机能，加重肝肾负担。

多吃高钾质食物，如香蕉、西兰花、西芹等。钾质可减少尿酸沉淀，有助将尿酸排出体外。

多摄取充足的碱性食物，如白菜、芹菜、黄瓜、苹果、番茄等疏果

保持充足的维生素B和C: 维生素B、C能促使组织、器官内沉积的尿酸盐结晶溶解和排泄。维生素Ｂ和Ｃ含于水果和蔬菜中，每日多吃些如柑桔、苹果、绿叶蔬菜等，可使体内有足够的维生素B和C。

痛风患者的食疗方

多吃固肾的食物。中医学认为，固肾的食物有助排泄尿酸，平日可按「六味地黄」(熟地、山茱萸、山药、泽泻、丹皮、茯苓)配方煎水饮用，以收滋阴补肾功效。

苹果醋加蜜糖。苹果醋的酸性成份具杀菌功效，有助排除关节、血管及器官的毒素。经常饮用，能调节血压、通血管、降胆固醇、亦有助治疗关节炎及痛风症。饭後可将一茶匙苹果醋及一茶匙蜜糖加入半杯温水内，调匀饮用。

薏仁粥：取适量的薏仁和白米，比例约为三比一 (白米浸泡三十分钟, 薏仁先用水浸泡四、五个钟头)，然后两者混合，加水一起熬煮成粥。

患者应遵守饮食原则如下：

1.保持理想体重

2.碳水化合物可促进尿酸排出，患者可食用富含碳水化合物:   米饭、馒头、面食等。

3.蛋白质可根据体重，1公斤体重应摄取0.8克至1克的蛋白质，并以牛奶、鸡蛋为主。如果是瘦肉、鸡鸭肉等，应该煮沸后去汤食用，避免吃炖肉或卤肉。

4.少吃脂肪，因脂肪可减少尿酸排出。脂肪摄取应控制在总热量的20%以内。

5.大量喝水，每日应该喝水2000ml至3000ml，促进尿酸排除。痛风不宜饮用纯净水。尿酸的排出与尿液的酸碱度有关，目前市场上供应的纯水pH值一般为6.0左右，偏向弱酸性。酸性对尿酸排出有抑制作用。

6.少吃盐，每天应该限制在2克至5克以内。

7.禁酒, 以啤酒尤其明显。 酒精, 可诱发痛风发作并加重病情.

Board of resolution

ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT OF
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF
[[Company Name]]
[[Action by Written Consent Date]]

The undersigned members of the Board of Directors (the "Board") of [[Company Name]], a Delaware Corporation (the "Corporation"), hereby adopt the following resolution:

WHEREAS, the Board has determined that it in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to issue certain blockchain-based digital tokens.

NOW THEREFORE LET IT BE:

RESOLVED, that the Board hereby authorizes the issuance of [[NumberOfTokens]]identified by the symbol [[Symbol]] and described as [[Description]] to be held by the Secretary at [[Secretary]].

[[Director 1 Name]]

Token purchase agreement

This Token Purchase Agreement (this "Agreement") is entered into this [[Effective Date]], by and among [[Company]] ("Company") and [[Buyer Name]]("Buyer") in connection with Company's creation and distribution of certain blockchain token or other digital assets ("Tokens") in furtherance of the establishment and operation of the [[Name of Project]] (the "Project").

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained below, Company and Buyer hereby agree as follows:

1. Purchase, Sale, and Distribution of Tokens.Upon delivery by Buyer to Company of an amount in ether (the "Purchase Price") equal to [[Purchase Price]] ETH, Company shall deliver to Buyer [[Total Purchased Tokens]]out of the [[Total Token Supply]] supply of Tokens ([[Percent Tokens]]%). Buyer shall deliver the Purchase Price to Company from Buyer's ether wallet at [[Buyer Ethereum Address]]). Buyer understands and agrees that its purchase of Tokens pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to the information contained in the White Paper, including the terms and conditions of agreements entered into between Company and purchasers of Tokens in connection therewith.

2. Representations and Warranties of Company.Company hereby represents and warrants to Buyer, as of the date hereof, as follows:

(a) Corporate Status.Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Delaware and has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted.





(b) Company Power and Authority. Company has all requisite power and authority to execute, issue and deliver this Agreement and sell the Tokens to Buyer, and to carry out and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Company enforceable against Company in accordance with its terms.





(c) No Conflict. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will not result in (i) any violation of, be in conflict with in any material respect, or constitute a material default under, with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice (A) any provision of Company's Organizational Documents; (B) any provision of any judgment, decree or order to which Company is a party, by which it is bound, or to which any of its material assets are subject; (C) any material contract, obligation, or commitment to which Company is a party or by which it is bound; or (D) any Laws applicable to the Company, or (ii) the creation of any material lien, charge or encumbrance upon any material assets of the Company.





(d) No Consents or Approvals. The execution and delivery of and performance under this Agreement require no approval or other action from any Governmental Authority or Person other than Company.





(e) Intellectual Property.Company has good and valid tile to all owned Intellectual Property. Company does not infringe, dilute, misappropriate or otherwise violate the rights of any third party in respect of any Intellectual Property. None of Company's Intellectual Property is subject to any outstanding order, ruling, decree, judgment or stipulation by or with any court, tribunal, arbitrator or Governmental Authority.





3. Representations and Warranties of Buyer.Buyer hereby represents and warrants to Company, as of the date hereof, as follows:

(a) Buyer Status. Buyer is at least 18 years old and of sufficient legal age and sound mind to purchase Tokens. Buyer is not subject to any of the disqualifying events listed in Rule 506(d)(1) of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933 (a "Buyer Event"), and there is no proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of Buyer, threatened by any Governmental Authority, that would reasonably be expected to become the basis for a Buyer Event.





(b) No Claim, Loan or Ownership Interest. Buyer understands and agrees that the purchase of the Tokens (i) does not provide Buyer with any claim whatsoever with respect to Company and its assets; (ii) is not a loan to Company; and (iii) does not provide Buyer with any ownership interest whatsoever in Company.





(c) Buyer Status and Risk of Project. Buyer has sufficient knowledge and experience in business, financial and investment matters to be able to evaluate the risks and merits of its purchase of the Tokens and is able to bear the risks thereof. Buyer understands that the Project and creation and distribution of the Tokens involve risks, including, but not limited to, the risk that (i) the technology associated with the Project will not function as intended; (ii) the Project will fail to attract sufficient interest from key stakeholders; (iii) the Token Distribution Event will not occur; (iv) Company will fail to secure sufficient purchasers of Tokens to fund its operations; (v) the Tokens may decrease in value over time and/or lose all monetary value; and (vi) Company and/or the Project may be subject to investigation and punitive actions from Governmental Authorities.





4. Disclaimer and Limitations.

(a) No Consequential, Incidental or Punitive Damages. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Company shall not be liable to any Person, whether in contract, tort (including negligence), warranty or otherwise, for special, incidental, consequential, indirect, punitive or exemplary damages (including but not limited to lost data, lost profits or savings, loss of business or other economic loss) arising out of or related to this Agreement, whether or not Company has been advised or knew of the possibility of such damages, and regardless of the nature of the cause of action or theory asserted.





(b) Limitation of Liability.Company's liability for damages under this Agreement shall in all cases be limited to, and under no circumstances shall exceed, the Purchase Price.





5. Definitions. The terms defined in this Section 5, whenever used in this Agreement shall have the respective meanings indicated below:

(a) "Affiliate" with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person.





(b) "Buyer Event" shall have meaning set forth in Section 3(a).





(c) "Governmental Authority" shall mean any nation or government, any state or other political subdivision thereof, any entity exercising legislative, judicial or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, including, without limitation, any government authority, agency, department, board, commission or instrumentality, and any court, tribunal or arbitrator(s) of competent jurisdiction, and any self- regulatory organization.





(d) "Intellectual Property" shall include all of the following in any jurisdiction throughout the world: (i) all inventions (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice), including without limitation the Project technology, all improvements thereto, and all patents, patent applications, and patent disclosures, together with all reissuances, continuations, divisions, continuations in-part, revisions, and extensions; (ii) all trademarks, service marks, trade names, trade dress, logos, business and product names, corporate names, Internet domain names, slogans, other source identifiers, together with all translations, adaptations, derivations, and combinations thereof and including all goodwill associated therewith, and all applications, registrations and renewals in connection therewith; (iii) all copyrightable works, all copyrights and all applications, registrations and renewals in connection therewith, and all moral rights (and similar non-assignable rights) and all benefits of waivers of moral rights (and similar non-assignable rights) therein; (iv) all trade secrets and confidential, technical and business information (including but not limited to ideas, research and development, algorithms, compositions, processes, designs, drawings, formulae, trade secrets, know-how, industrial models, business methods, technical data and information, engineering and technical drawings, product specifications and confidential business information); (v) mask work and other semiconductor chip rights and all applications, registrations and renewals in connection therewith; (vi) software; (vii) all other intellectual property and proprietary rights; and (viii) copies and tangible embodiments thereof (in whatever form or medium, including electronic media).





(e) "Laws" shall mean laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, judgments, injunctions, orders and decrees.





(f) "Organizational Documents" shall mean the articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, charter, by-laws, articles of formation, certificate of formation, regulations, operating agreement, certificate of limited partnership, partnership agreement and all other similar documents, instruments or certificates executed, adopted or filed in connection with the creation, formation or organization of a Person, including any amendments thereto.





(g) "Person" shall mean an individual or legal entity or person, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.





(h) "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(b).





(i) "Token Distribution Date" shall mean the date of the Token Distribution Event.





(j) "Token Distribution Event" shall mean the offering of Tokens by Company or its Affiliates to the general public.





(k) "White Paper" shall mean one or more documents explaining the Project and the characteristics and risks of the Tokens, including Token pricing and other relevant information regarding the Token Distribution Event.





6. Miscellaneous.

(a) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed in all respects, including as to validity, interpretation and effect, by the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to its principles or rules of conflict of laws, to the extent such principles or rules are not mandatorily applicable by statute and would permit or require the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.





(b) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties, and their respective heirs, successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement shall not be assignable or otherwise transferable without the prior written consent of the other party, provided that Company may assign or transfer this Agreement to an Affiliate.





(c) Entire Agreement.This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements and understandings, both written and oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.





(d) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, inoperative or unenforceable for any reason, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consumed as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.





(e) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.





(f) No Partnership and No Agency. Nothing in this Agreement and no action taken by the parties pursuant to this Agreement shall constitute, or be deemed to constitute, a partnership, association, joint venture or other co-operative entity between any of the parties. Nothing in this Agreement and no action taken by the parties pursuant to this Agreement shall constitute, or be deemed to constitute, either party the agent of the other party for any purpose. No party has, pursuant to this Agreement, any authority or power to bind or to contract in the name of the other party.





(g) Publications and Notifications, Fees and Expenses. The parties shall agree to any press release or publication that jointly involves the names, brands or officers of both parties. Written correspondence and notifications between the parties, whether as a result of a dispute or otherwise intended to be official correspondence, may be email or common forms of social media (Skype, Slack, WhatsApp). Each party shall be solely liable for all its own fees, costs and otherwise in connection with negotiation and execution of this Agreement and any future dealings between the parties and/or future publications regarding the parties.





(h) Confidentiality. This Agreement shall remain confidential between the parties in perpetuity, except to the extent required to be disclosed pursuant to applicable Laws.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

[[Company]]

_______________________
[[Company Signatory First Name]] [[Company Signatory Last Name]]
[[Company Street]]
[[Company City]][[Company State]][[Company Zip]]

[[Buyer Name]]

_______________________

[[Buyer Street]]
[[Buyer City]] [[Buyer State]] [[Buyer Zip]]

Issuer disclosure

ISSUER DISCLOSURES

NOTE: INVESTORS MAY CANCEL AN INVESTMENT COMMITMENT UNTIL 48 HOURS PRIOR TO THE DEADLINE IDENTIFIED IN THE ISSUER'S OFFERING MATERIALS. THE INTERMEDIARY WILL NOTIFY INVESTORS WHEN THE TARGET OFFERING AMOUNT HAS BEEN MET. IF AN ISSUER REACHES THE TARGET OFFERING AMOUNT PRIOR TO THE DEADLINE IDENTIFIED IN ITS OFFERING MATERIALS, IT MAY CLOSE THE OFFERING EARLY IF IT PROVIDES NOTICE ABOUT THE NEW OFFERING DEADLINE AT LEAST FIVE BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO SUCH NEW OFFERING DEADLINE (ABSENT A MATERIAL CHANGE THAT WOULD REQUIRE AN EXTENSION OF THE OFFERING AND RECONFIRMATION OF THE INVESTMENT COMMITMENT). IF AN INVESTOR DOES NOT CANCEL AN INVESTMENT COMMITMENT BEFORE THE 48-HOUR PERIOD PRIOR TO THE OFFERING DEADLINE, THE FUNDS WILL BE RELEASED TO THE ISSUER UPON CLOSING OF THE OFFERING AND THE INVESTOR WILL RECEIVE SECURITIES IN EXCHANGE FOR HIS OR HER INVESTMENT. IF AN INVESTOR DOES NOT RECONFIRM HIS OR HER INVESTMENT COMMITMENT AFTER A MATERIAL CHANGE IS MADE TO THE OFFERING, THE INVESTOR'S INVESTMENT COMMITMENT WILL BE CANCELLED AND THE COMMITTED FUNDS WILL BE RETURNED.

An issuer offering or selling securities in reliance on section 4(a)(6) of the Securities Act (15 U.S.C. 77d-1) and this part must file with the Commission and provide to investors and the relevant intermediary certain information. This information for[[companyName]] is as follows:

GENERAL INFORMATION

ISSUER NAME: [[companyName]]
ISSUER ENTITY: [[companyEntity]]
ORGANIZED IN: [[stateIncorporate]]
ADDRESS: [[physicalAddress]]
WEBSITE: [[companyWebsite]]

DIRECTOR INFORMATION

OFFICER INFORMATION

OWNERS WITH 20% OR MORE OF ISSUER'S VOTING EQUITIES

Business Information


Business Description:

[[businessDescription]]


Anticipated Business Plan:

[[anticipatedBusinessPlan]]


Number of Employees:

[[numberOfEmployees]]


Risk Disclosures

[[riskDisclosures]]

OFFERING INFORMATION


Target Amount:

$[[targetAmount]]


targetDeadline:

[[targetDeadline]]


NOTE: IF THE SUM OF THE INVESTMENT COMMITMENTS DOES NOT EQUAL OR EXCEED THE TARGET OFFERING AMOUNT AT THE OFFERING DEADLINE, NO SECURITIES WILL BE SOLD IN THE OFFERING, INVESTMENT COMMITMENTS WILL BE CANCELLED AND COMMITTED FUNDS WILL BE RETURNED.


Maximum Amount

[[maximumAmount]]


*Oversubscriptions*
[[overSubscriptions]]


*Purpose and Inteded Use*

[[purposeAndUse]]



*Completion Process*

[[completionProcess]]

*Cancellation Process*

[[cancellationProcess]]


*Public Price*

[[publicPrice]]

*Ownership and Capital Description*

Terms of the securities being offered:

securitiesTerms

*Intermediary Information*

Intermediary Name:

[[intermediaryName]]

Intermediary SEC File Number:

[[intermediaryFileNo]]

Intermediary Central Registration Depository Number:

[[intermediaryDepositoryNo]]

Intermediary's Financial Interest in Issuer:

1. Compensation: [[intermediaryCompensation]]





2. Other Interest: [[intermediaryOther]]

*Issuer Debt*

The issuer's debt is described as follows:

[[issuerDebt]]

*Issuer's Exempt Offerings in Past Three Years:*

Bill of sales 2

BILL OF SALE

1. Composition

This agreement ("Agreement") is comprised in part through this document ("Document") and in part through a smart contract deployed on the Ethereum network to an address known to the Agreement's parties ("Smart Contract"). Both the Document and the Smart Contract are integral to the Agreement.





2. Parties

There are two parties ("Parties") to this Agreement: a buyer at Ethereum address 0x[[Buyer EthAddress]]("Buyer") and a seller at Ethereum address 0x[[Seller EthAddress]]("Seller"). Upon execution of this Agreement, Buyer's address will be recorded in the buyer field of the Smart Contract; Seller's will be recorded in the seller field.





3. Agreement

Seller agrees to sell [[Purchased Item]]("Item") for the sum of [[Purchase Price]] ether; such terms will be further recorded in their respective item descriptionand price fields to the Smart Contract through execution of this Agreement.

Title to the Item shall pass to Buyer when this Agreement is fully performed.

If Seller delivers the Item and Buyer fails to set the confirmReceipt field of the Smart Contract as explained in section 5 infrawithin a reasonable time then the Seller may demand return of the Item.





4. No Warranty

BUYER FURTHER AGREES THAT THE ITEM IS SOLD IN AN "AS IS" CONDITION AND THAT SELLER MAKES NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, FOR THE CONDITION OF THE ITEM OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.





5. Performance

The Agreement will be performed when the Item has been transferred and the following functions have been called and/or fields populated by the Parties to the Smart Contract:

(a) seller field is set;





(b) buyer field is set;





(c) the price field is set;





(d) the item description field is set; 





(e) Seller transfers the Item physically or by other means to Buyer;





(f) Buyer confirms delivery of the Item by calling the confirmReceipt function with the purchase price in ether; and





(g) the Smart Contract transfers the price to Seller.

To the extent permitted by local law, the sequence of events of the Smart Contract or physical delivery of the Item is not important to the Agreement.





6. Additional Terms

A. In the event there is a conflict between this Document and the Smart Contract, the terms of the Smart Contract will control.

B. Each of the Parties is responsible for their own costs (e.g., "gas" on the Ethereum network) for executing transactions against the Smart Contract.

C. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties.

D. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable, the Parties wish that the remaining provisions of the Agreement continue to be enforced.

E. The terms of this Agreement shall be interpreted by the local laws of the Seller's jurisdiction. Any disputes shall be resolved in a tribunal local to the Seller. Venue shall be at a location determined by Seller within the jurisdiction.

BUYER:

________________

SELLER:

________________

Bill of Sale (ETH)

BILL OF SALE

1. Composition

This agreement ("Agreement") is comprised in part through this document ("Document") and in part through a smart contract deployed on the Ethereum network to an address known to the Agreement's parties ("Smart Contract"). Both the Document and the Smart Contract are integral to the Agreement.





2. Parties

There are two parties ("Parties") to this Agreement: a buyer at Ethereum address 0x[[Buyer EthAddress]]("Buyer") and a seller at Ethereum address 0x[[Seller EthAddress]]("Seller"). Upon execution of this Agreement, Buyer's address will be recorded in the buyer field of the Smart Contract; Seller's will be recorded in the seller field.





3. Agreement

Seller agrees to sell [[Purchased Item]]("Item") for the sum of [[Purchase Price]] ether; such terms will be further recorded in their respective item descriptionand price fields to the Smart Contract through execution of this Agreement.

Title to the Item shall pass to Buyer when this Agreement is fully performed.

If Seller delivers the Item and Buyer fails to set the confirmReceipt field of the Smart Contract as explained in section 5 infrawithin a reasonable time then the Seller may demand return of the Item.





4. No Warranty

BUYER FURTHER AGREES THAT THE ITEM IS SOLD IN AN "AS IS" CONDITION AND THAT SELLER MAKES NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, FOR THE CONDITION OF THE ITEM OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.





5. Performance

The Agreement will be performed when the Item has been transferred and the following functions have been called and/or fields populated by the Parties to the Smart Contract:

(a) a copy of this Document has been stored on an immutable file system;





(b) seller field is set;





(c) buyer field is set;





(d) the price field is set;





(e) the item description field is set; 





(f) Buyer funds the contract by calling the confirmPurchase function with the purchase price in ether;





(g) Seller transfers the Item physically or by other means to Buyer;





(h) Buyer confirms delivery of the Item by calling the confirmReceived function; and





(i) the Smart Contract transfers the price to Seller.

To the extent permitted by local law, the sequence of events of the Smart Contract or physical delivery of the Item is not important to the Agreement.





6. Additional Terms

A. In the event there is a conflict between this Document and the Smart Contract, the terms of the Smart Contract will control.

B. Each of the Parties is responsible for their own costs (e.g., "gas" on the Ethereum network) for executing transactions against the Smart Contract.

C. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties.

D. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable, the Parties wish that the remaining provisions of the Agreement continue to be enforced.

E. The terms of this Agreement shall be interpreted by the local laws of the Seller's jurisdiction. Any disputes shall be resolved in a tribunal local to the Seller. Venue shall be at a location determined by Seller within the jurisdiction.

BUYER:

________________

SELLER:

________________

聪明又多金的巨头公司都在布局什么新技术？

伴随“区块链能结合哪些产业”逐渐从“讨论、布局与探索”过渡向“落地竞赛”，海外科技巨头的动作不断，并夺人眼球。这些行动不仅蕴藏颠覆垂直赛道竞争格局的能量，也在预告大量资金即将入场区块链和加密货币市场。

在区块链落地场景方面，国内外巨头的选择趋同（金融、供应链为主）。差别主要体现在，国内溯源需求旺盛，企业多于 to C 区块链应用上试水，而海外更拥抱“金融创新”，研发“火力”相对集中。当然，差异的背后是不同的政策态度、经济环境、技术创新力和公司宣发策略等等。

在专利申请方面，据 IPRdaily 《2018 年全球区块链专利企业排行榜》，IBM 的区块链专利数量（89 个）位居第二、紧随阿里巴巴（90 个），Intel 排名第 23，Google 位列 30 名。

为清晰呈现海外科技巨头在区块链领域的重点方向、入局方式和场景数量，

1. Apple

2017 年 12 月，据美国专利商标局，Apple 申请了一个结合区块链与PKI（Public Key Infrastructure，公钥基础设施）的时间戳验证系统。一旦黑客入侵单个节点，恶意修改时间值，将被真实节点检测到，进而保护 SE（Secure Element，安全元件，如存储机密信息的 SIM 或 microSD 卡）不被破坏。

2. Microsoft

2019 年 3 月，微软与新加坡物流公司 Cargo Community Network 合作推出基于区块链的航空货运计费、成本核算和对账系统。

2019 年 3 月，微软与区块链项目 XYO 合作开发支持智能合约的“按钮式地理空间区块链应用程序”。

2019 年 2 月，微软与西班牙电信公司 Telefonica 合作，在微软 Azure 平台上为电信行业开发新的服务模式。

2019 年 1 月，微软（日本）与区块链服务开发企业 Skill 就联盟链的实用性验证达成合作协议。

2019 年 1 月，基于微软 Azure 的数字资产平台 Bakkt 宣布完成 1.825 亿美元首轮融资，微软风险投资部门也出现在众多资方中。

2018 年 11 月，微软与非洲电子支付和商业公司 Interswitch Group 合作开发了服务于尼日利亚中小企业的区块链+供应链金融解决方案。

2018 年 11 月，微软在 Azure 上发布 Enclave-ready Ethereum Virtual Machine（eEVM）。eEVM 在微软企业级开源区块链基础平台 Coco（Confidential Consortium）的 TEE（可信执行环境）中运行。

2018 年 10 月，微软 Azure 云区块链服务与纳斯达克金融框架整合创建便于交易双方撮合、支付、结算、管理的区块链系统。

2018 年 8 月，微软与印度 IT 巨头 Tech Mahindra 合作，利用区块链技术遏制营销电话和短信。

2018 年 7 月，新加坡航空与微软、KPMG 合作推出区块链钱包 KrisPay，以支持航空公司会员将飞行里程转换为数字货币。

2018 年 6 月，微软（台湾）、神州数字及热酷启动三方区块链策略合作，神州数字旗下平台 MasterDAX 与 Microsoft Azure 共同推出交易所 BaaS 服务 MasterDAX 2.0。

2018 年 6 月，微软开发了一个向游戏发行商实时提供版税数据的区块链解决方案，以降低管理成本。

2018 年 6 月，微软和安永推出版权区块链工具，帮助创作者和软件开发人员收取版税。

2017 年 5 月，Azure 向开发者推出了一个新的区块链 POC（proof of concept）框架，使得企业客户以更低的成本和更短的周期搭建分布式应用。

2016 年 3 月，微软与 ConsenSys 宣布合作，微软开发人员可使用以太坊区块链来开发去中心化应用程序。

2015 年 11 月，微软在宣布在 Azure 上提供 BaaS 服务,并于 2016 年 8 月正式对外开放。微软后陆续推出用于解决企业区块链的性能、隐私和组织管理问题的企业级开源区块链基础平台 Coco Blockchain Framework（2017 年 8 月），以及基于云的区块链开发套件Azure Blockchain Development Kit（2018 年 11 月）。

3. Amazon

2019 年 2 月，亚马逊与埃森哲、万事达共同推出基于区块链的“循环供应链”，用于奖励小规模种植者和供应商的可持续行为。

2018 年 11 月，亚马逊推出基于区块链的亚马逊量子账本数据库（QLDB）和Amazon Managed Blockchain。

2018 年 11 月，美国专利商标局公布亚马逊的两项专利，分别与保护数字签名完整性和改善分布式数据存储方法相关。

2018 年 4 月，AWS 发布 Blockchain Templates（区块链模板），为客户提供预设的区块链框架，并配置入门所需的AWS资源，使其易于扩展，并可快速启动以太坊或 Hyperledger Fabric 网络。

2017 年 10 月，亚马逊注册了三个区块链相关新域名：amazonethereum.com、amazoncryptocurrency.com、amazoncryptocurrencies.com，据 Coindesk，亚马逊此前还注册了 amazonbitcoin.com。

2016 年 5 月，AWS 与数字货币投资集团 DCG 合作，为企业客户提供安全的区块链实验室环境。

4. Alphabet 

2019 年 1 月，WordPress 发布为中小新闻组织提供技术服务的平台 Newspack。Newspack 由谷歌领投（120 万美元），并内置由 ConsenSys 支持的区块链工具。

2018 年 7 月，谷歌云平台 GCP 与区块链服务平台 BlockApps 达成合作，向企业提供 BaaS 平台 STRATO。

2018 年 2 月，谷歌大数据分析平台 BigQuery 添加比特币链上数据，后陆续加入 ETH、BCH、LTC 等更多币种。

2017 年 6 月，比特币钱包 Blockchain 获由 Lakestar、Google Ventures 和 Richard Branson 领投的 4000万 美元融资。此外，Google Ventures 还参与投资过 Ripple、加密货币资产管理平台 LedgerX、国际支付提供商 Veem 和现已解散的 Buttercoin、云存储服务提供商 Storj Labs 等。

2017 年 3 月，Google 旗下 AI+ 健康公司 DeepMind，发文称将利用区块链技术，让医院、NHS、病人实时追踪个人健康数据。

5. Facebook

2019 年 2 月，Facebook 收购从事智能合约开发的区块链初创公司 Chainspace。

2018 年 12 月，据彭博社，Facebook 正在开发与美元挂钩的稳定币，可以让用户通过其旗下即时通讯应用 WhatsApp 转账，并将率先用于印度汇款市场。

2018 年 6 月，Facebook 成立区块链部门。负责人 David Marcus，曾任 PayPal 总裁，也是 Coinbase 董事会成员之一。

6. 三星电子

2019 年 3 月，三星 IT 解决方案和服务提供商三星 SDS，与鹿特丹港、荷兰银行合作开发基于以太坊的国际进出口区块链解决方案 Deliver，将服务于物流和航运公司、港口和海关当局。

2019 年 2 月，三星 Galaxy 新品发布会上展示，Galaxy S10 添加了硬件加密钱包功能。截至 3 月 28 日，此钱包仅对美国、加拿大和韩国的用户开放。截至 4 月 8 日，据币安赵长鹏，Galaxy S10 共支持 16 种加密货币。

2018 年 8 月，三星 SDS 与韩国银行联合会合作开发了基于区块链的认证平台 BankSign。该平台通过将连接银行系统和数据共享网络，来实现不同银行移动系统之间的互动，使用户只在一个应用上认证，即可在不同应用上进行交易。

2018 年 7 月，矿机公司 Innosilicon（芯动科技）宣布与三星电子合作，引入三星电子的 ASIC 芯片制造技术。

2018 年 6 月，三星 SDS 推出区块链物流平台 Cello Square 3.0，计划节省 20% 的物流运输成本。

2018 年 4 月，区块链初创公司 Filament 宣布达成 500 万美元的A轮融资，投资方为 Bullpen、Capital、Verizon 风投和三星风投。

2016 年 7 月，三星 SDS 宣布投资区块链和安全解决方案企业 Blocko。

2015 年起，三星 SDS 开始构建 Nexledger 区块链平台，使区块链应用可根据业务需求在以太坊和超级账本等多个网络上定制。2019 年 2 月，三星 SDS 宣布，Nexledger 加速器已通过了 Hyperledger Fabric 测试，可显著提升区块链交易速度。

2014 年 9 月，IBM 与三星合作开发基于区块链构建去中心化物联网系统 ADEPT。

7. Intel 

2019 年 3 月，英特尔、宝马集团（亚洲）和尼尔森宣布与（东南亚风投公司Trive Ventures 旗下）新加坡区块链孵化器 Tribe 达成合作。英特尔为 Tribe 提供业务和技术指导，通过 Xeon 可扩展处理器和英特尔 SGX 等技术提高区块链解决方案的隐私性、安全性和可扩展性。

2019 年 2 月，英特尔推出基于 Hyperledger Fabric 的商用区块链软件包。系统中包含启动 Hyperledger 驱动的区块链所需工具等。

2018 年 11 月，美国专利商标局授予英特尔一项比特币节能高效挖矿处理器专利。

2018 年 11 月，英特尔在以太坊年度开发者大会 Devcon 4 上宣布新的应用程序规范——可信计算应用程序接口（TC API），以实现在链下计算环境中执行交易，再将执行结果返回到以太坊主网上，以此帮助以太坊扩容。

2018 年 9 月，英特尔与 SAP 区块链联盟共同探索 DLT（分布式分类帐技术）业务，以优化区块链功能，并加快企业应用速度。

2018 年 9 月，英特尔与百度安全联合发布可信安全计算服务框架 MesaTEE。

2018 年 6 月，英特尔与 DAPP 平台 Enigma 共同发布区块链测试网络。

2018 年 3 月，英特尔公司提交基于区块链技术的数字版权专利申请。同时，英特尔与腾讯TUSI实验室就“区块链+身份认证”展开合作，前者主要提供硬件技术，后者的核心技术在于软件。

2017 年 10 月，英特尔与数字货币硬件钱包公司 Ledger 宣布合作。后者将其操作系统 BOLOS 与英特尔 SGX（软件防护扩展指令）的安全存储产品线相结合，为加密货币持有者提供一个更安全的储存方式。

2017 年 5 月，英特尔与区块链+健康公司 PokitDok 达成合作，共同研发医疗块链解决方案 Dokchain。英特尔将为 PokitDok 提供其开源软件 Hyperledger Sawtooth 作为 Dokchain 底层支持，并应用英特尔芯片处理块链交易。

2017 年 3 月，区块链创业公司 Filament 获 1500 万美元融资，Verizon Ventures 和 Bullpen Capital 领投，英特尔、三星 NEXT 等跟投。

2017 年 3 月，英特尔、摩根大通、微软等联合发起 EEA（Enterprise Ethereum Alliance，企业以太坊联盟），共同开发新的标准和技术，让企业更方便地使用以太坊区块链。

2016 年 4 月，英特尔发布“Sawtooth Lake 平台”区块链技术计划，允许企业构建分布式分类账，并表示平台或适用于国际汇款、保险索赔处理、供应链管理、物联网等场景。

8. Cisco

2019 年 3 月，Cisco Systems 发布报告，重点介绍其面向企业的区块链平台。报告预测，到 2027 年，区块链存储的价值有可能占到全球 GDP 的 10%。到 2021 年，预计区块链市场将达到 97 亿美元。

2018 年 3 月，美国专利与商标局披露一条思科的专利申请信息，思科于 2017 年 12 月提交一项区块链技术，让保密群组更简单安全地发送即时通讯消息、共享文件和其他信息。

2017 年 1 月，思科、博世（Bosch）、纽约梅隆银行（BNY Mellon）、Chronicled、Filament 等企业作为成员联合成立区块链与物联网联盟。联盟创建的 API 可支持以太坊、摩根大通 Quorum 以及 Hyperledger；协议允许用户登记多种弱身份信息，捆绑至更强的加密身份。

9. Oracle

2019 年 2 月，甲骨文第一批区块链应用程序云服务，包括全球航运商业网络（GSBN）、正保远程教育等十几家企业客户在使用实时应用程序，其他客户如 AJIB 银行、NeuroSoft、TradeFin 等正处于生产阶段。


2018 年 12 月，甲骨文和奢侈品电商平台寺库签署战略合作协议，创新消费者互动体验，建立奢侈品电商领域生态圈。

2018 年 10 月，甲骨文发布甲骨文区块链应用程序云 Oracle Blockchain Applications Cloud，包括面向四个使用场景（供应链交易、商品溯源、智能冷链和保修跟踪）的应用程序，以增强供应链的透明度和流程自动化。

2018 年 8 月，印度国家转型研究院（NITI）联合甲骨文，将区块链技术结合药品供应链管理，以实现对药品全程溯源，减少仿制假冒药问题。

2018 年 7 月，甲骨文推出区块链平台，用户可通过区块链数据监控供应链，追踪全球运输系统，实现更安全透明的跨境交付。

10. IBM

2019 年 3 月，IBM（日本）宣布将构建一个基于区块链的进行药品供应以及医疗数据交换的平台，制药企业、医疗团体等 20 家企业和团体宣布参与其中。

2019 年 3 月，IBM 开发通过供应链追踪药品来打击非洲假药的区块链医疗认证平台。

2019 年 3 月，IBM 宣布已与六家国际银行签署意向书，这些银行计划在 IBM 支付网络 World Wire 上发行稳定币。

2019 年 3 月，IBM 为美国信用社行业区块链联盟 CULedger 开发新的区块链解决方案，用于创新现有的商业模式和流程，改善部分服务，例如数字身份认证、用户客户合规性等。

2019 年 3 月，IBM 再提交两项区块链专利申请，涉及网络安全和数据库管理。

2019 年 3 月，IBM X-Force Red 推出区块链网络安全服务。预计到 2021 年，IBM 的企业区块链投资将达到 100 亿美元。

2019 年 2 月，IBM 与韩国信用卡公司 Hyundai Card 合作，改善人工智能和区块链技术在企业中的应用。

2019 年 2 月，IBM 与制药公司 Boehringer Ingelheim 合作，将临床记录保存在区块链上，旨在保持数据完整性、透明度和患者信息安全性，同时降低成本和加快自动化流程。

2019 年 2 月，IBM Research 宣布与保护和恢复淡水生态系统的非营利组织 The Freshwater Trust 以及低成本卫星连接传感器供应商 SweetSense Inc. 合作，试行区块链和物联网技术，以监测加利福尼亚州的可持续地下水使用情况。

2019 年 1 月，IBM 宣布使用 Hyperledger Fabric 区块链平台跟踪金属行业的供应链，包括从刚果民主共和国的矿山到福特汽车公司工厂的金属钴，以及墨西哥矿山的金属运输。此外，中国钴矿业公司华友钴业、韩国 LG 公司子公司 LG Chem 和科技公司 RCS Global 正在试点中。

2018 年 11 月，IBM 与外汇交易结算供应商 CLS 推出基于区块链的支付网络服务，首批客户包括高盛和摩根士丹利。

2018 年 11 月，IBM 与西班牙的主要电信公司 Telefónica 合作应用区块链中的概念验证（PoC）管理国际手机通话流量。

2018 年 11 月，IBM 与数据存储公司希捷合作，利用区块链验证硬盘驱动器的来源，打击假冒硬盘。

2018 年 10 月，IBM 与旅游商务平台 Travelport 合作推出利用区块链技术重构旅游分销、帮助企业管理企业差旅支出的人工智能平台。

2018 年 10 月，IBM 推出基于区块链的企业级食品信托平台，通过公链跟踪食品，沃尔玛、家乐福已加入。

2018 年 9 月，IBM 申请了一项专利，专利中描述了一个使用分布式分类帐技术（DLT）的系统，用以解决与商用和娱乐应用中无人机使用量增加相关的隐私和安全问题。

2018 年 9 月，IBM 宣布与健康数据公司 Hu-manity.co 合作，利用基于区块链的自主权身份识别技术让用户更好地控制其个人数据。

2018 年 9 月，IBM 基于 Stellar 网络开发区块链支付系统。

2018 年 8 月，IBM 推出基于区块链和 Stellar 协议的全球支付系统 IBM Blockchain World Wire，使金融机构能够在几秒钟内清算和结算跨境支付。

2018 年 7 月，IBM 与哥伦比亚大学合作推出区块链研究中心，旨在推动区块链应用开发和教育计划，并对区块链创业公司的监管问题提供建议。

2018 年 7 月，美国金融服务公司 Stronghold 近日推出锚定美元的稳定币 Stronghold USD，由资产管理公司 Prime Trust 托管，并与 IBM 合作探索稳定币的使用场景。

2018 年 7 月，IBM 与加纳政府合作利用区块链改善非洲国家土地管理流程，提高安全性和透明度，减少欺诈行为，增加投资和资金的获得。

2017 年 12 月，京东、清华大学、沃尔玛和 IBM 联合成立区块链食品安全联盟（BFSA），开发食品安全和可溯源区块链项目。

2017 年 10 月，IBM 宣布已与合作方区域金融服务公司 KlickEx Group 和 Stellar.org 建立了一个新的跨境区块链支付解决方案，旨在为金融服务公司为企业和消费者提供全球支付服务提高效率、降低成本。

2016 年 2 月，IBM 推出 BaaS 平台。

2015 年 12 月，Linux 基金会发起开源项目超级账本（Hyperledger），推进区块链数字技术和交易验证，30 家初始企业成员中包括 IBM、Cisco、Intel 等。